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4. Set Up your Linux Server
Setting up your Linux server is a crucial step for running Bitcoin Core, it's the foundation that your node runs on. This guide will walk you through the process of installing and configuring Ubuntu Server on your hardware.
Hardware Requirements
| Component | Specification | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Base System | Dell Optiplex 9020 Micro (or equivalent) | Low-power, x86_64, proven reliability |
| Storage | 2TB SSD (minimum) | Avoid HDDs—significantly slower IBD. 2TB should last you several years. |
| Memory | 8GB RAM (16GB recommended) | UTXO handling benefits from extra RAM |
| Installation Media | 4GB+ USB drive | Used for Ubuntu Server ISO flash |
| Peripherals | Keyboard, mouse, monitor (temporary) | Required for initial BIOS/UEFI setup |
Why This Hardware?
- Dell Optiplex Micro series provides a compact, low-power (≈15–25W idle) x86 platform.
- SSD storage ensures faster IBD (Initial Block Download) and block validation.
- 8GB RAM is functional, but 16GB improves UTXO cache (dbcache) handling.
Installation Steps
1. Create a Bootable Ubuntu USB Stick
- Tools: Use tools like Rufus (for Windows) or Balena Etcher (on Mac) to create a bootable USB drive. You need this to install the Linux OS on your server.
- Process: Follow the respective tool's instructions to write the Ubuntu ISO to the USB drive. Ensure the drive is at least 4GB to accommodate the ISO.
- Guides: Follow the guide for your Operating System below:
2. Verify your Ubuntu Download
- Importance: Verifying the download ensures it hasn't been tampered with, protecting against potential security risks. Get used to doing this for all your Bitcoin software.
- Process: You're doing two things here. Firstly, you check that the PGP signature of your download matches that of the Ubuntu developers. This ensures the software you're installing is from the right source. Secondly, you're checking the SHA256 hash of your downloaded file against the hash of the signed hash from the developers, this ensures the contents of your download hasn't been altered.
- Guide: How to verify your Ubuntu download
3. Install Ubuntu from the BIOS Menu
- BIOS Setup: Install Ubuntu on your computer from your bootable USB stick.
- Process: Start the machine in BIOS mode and install Ubuntu Server.
- Follow the Guide: Ketan from Ministry of Nodes walks you through it here:
- Step by step guide on how to install Ubuntu Server:
Security Measures
- Verify Software: Make sure you verify your Ubuntu software before installation to ensure integrity.
- Data Backup: Backup any existing data on your computer or server, the installation process will overwrite it.
Costs
Software: All software used is Free and Open Source, eliminating additional costs beyond hardware.
Time Estimates
| Task | Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| BIOS Setup & Install | 30–60 min | Monitor output for disk formatting |
| Post-Install Setup | 20-30 mins | Updates, firewall, user config |
| Ongoing Maintenance | Variable | ~ 5-10 mins/day installing updates |
| Linux learning | Variable | Ongoing learning and upgrading of your Linux skills |
Handy Resources
- Ministry of Nodes Videos: For BIOS setup and installation guidance.
- Ubuntu Website: For official installation and verification guides.
- Tecmint.com: For additional learning resources on Linux and package management.
Linux Version Used
Ubuntu Server 24.04.2 LTS: Ensure compatibility with the latest software and security updates.
Once you get Ubuntu installed, you will have a secure and efficient server set up, ready for running Bitcoin Core.